The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

Erica Sodergren , George M Weinstock , Eric H Davidson , R Andrew Cameron (1) , Richard A Gibbs , Robert C Angerer , Lynne M Angerer , Maria Ina Arnone , David R Burgess (2) , Robert D Burke , James A Coffman , Michael Dean , Maurice R Elphick , Charles A Ettensohn , Kathy R Foltz , Amro Hamdoun , Richard O Hynes (3, 4) , William H Klein (5) , William Marzluff , David R Mcclay , Robert L Morris (6) , Arcady Mushegian , Jonathan P Rast , L Courtney Smith (7, 8, 9) , Michael C Thorndyke , Victor D Vacquier , Gary M Wessel , Greg Wray , Lan Zhang (10) , Christine G Elsik (11) , Olga Ermolaeva , Wratko Hlavina , Gretchen Hofmann , Paul Kitts , Melissa J Landrum , Aaron J Mackey , Donna Maglott , Georgia Panopoulou , Albert J Poustka , Kim Pruitt , Victor Sapojnikov , Xingzhi Song (12, 13) , Alexandre Souvorov , Victor Solovyev (14) , Zheng Wei , Charles A Whittaker (15) , Kim Worley , K James Durbin , Yufeng Shen (16, 17, 18) , Olivier Fedrigo , David Garfield , Ralph Haygood , Alexander Primus , Rahul Satija , Tonya Severson , Manuel L Gonzalez-Garay , Andrew R Jackson (19) , Aleksandar Milosavljevic , Mark Tong (20) , Christopher E Killian , Brian T Livingston , Fred H Wilt , Nikki Adams (21, 22) , Robert Bellé (23) , Seth Carbonneau , Rocky Cheung (24) , Patrick Cormier (23) , Bertrand Cosson (23) , Jenifer Croce , Antonio Fernandez-Guerra , Anne-Marie Genevière , Manisha Goel (25) , Hemant Kelkar , Julia Morales (23) , Odile Mulner-Lorillon (23) , Anthony J Robertson (26, 27, 28) , Jared V Goldstone , Bryan Cole , David Epel , Bert Gold , Mark E Hahn , Meredith Howard-Ashby , Mark Scally (29) , John J Stegeman , Erin L Allgood , Jonah Cool , Kyle M Judkins , Shawn S Mccafferty , Ashlan M Musante , Robert A Obar , Amanda P Rawson , Blair J Rossetti , Ian R Gibbons , Matthew P Hoffman (30) , Andrew Leone (31) , Sorin Istrail , Stefan C Materna , Manoj P Samanta , Viktor Stolc , Waraporn Tongprasit , Qiang Tu (32) , Karl-Frederik Bergeron , Bruce P Brandhorst , James Whittle , Kevin Berney , David J Bottjer , Cristina Calestani , Kevin Peterson (33) , Elly Chow , Qiu Autumn Yuan (34) , Eran Elhaik , Dan Graur , Justin T Reese (11) , Ian Bosdet , Shin Heesun , Marco A Marra , Jacqueline Schein , Michele K Anderson , Virginia Brockton , Katherine M Buckley , Avis H Cohen (35, 36) , Sebastian D Fugmann , Taku Hibino , Mariano Loza-Coll , Audrey J Majeske , Cynthia Messier , Sham V Nair (37) , Zeev Pancer , David P Terwilliger , Cavit Agca , Enrique Arboleda , Nansheng Chen (38) , Allison M Churcher , F. Hallböök , Glen W Humphrey , Mohammed M Idris (39) , Takae Kiyama , Shuguang Liang , Dan Mellott , Xiuqian Mu , Greg Murray , Robert P Olinski , Florian Raible (40) , Matthew Rowe , John S Taylor (41, 42, 43) , Kristin Tessmar-Raible , D. Wang (44, 45, 46) , Karen H Wilson , Shunsuke Yaguchi , Terry Gaasterland , Blanca E Galindo (47) , Herath J Gunaratne , Celina Juliano , Masashi Kinukawa , Gary W Moy , Anna T Neill , Mamoru Nomura (48) , Michael Raisch , Anna Reade , Michelle M Roux , Jia L Song (49) , Yi-Hsien Su (50, 51, 52) , Ian K Townley , Ekaterina Voronina , Julian L Wong (53, 54) , Gabriele Amore , Margherita Branno , Euan R Brown , Vincenzo Cavalieri , Véronique Duboc , Louise Duloquin (55, 56) , Constantin Flytzanis (57) , Christian Gache , François Lapraz , Thierry Lepage (58) , Annamaria Locascio , Pedro Martinez (59, 60, 61) , Giorgio Matassi (62) , Valeria Matranga , Ryan Range , Francesca Rizzo (63) , Eric Röttinger , Wendy Beane , Cynthia Bradham , Christine Byrum , Tom Glenn , Sofia Hussain , Gerard Manning , Esther Miranda (64) , Rebecca Thomason , Katherine Walton , Athula Wikramanayke , Shu-Yu Wu (65, 66, 67) , Ronghui Xu , C Titus Brown (68, 69, 70) , Lili Chen (71, 72) , Rachel F Gray , Pei Yun Lee (73, 74) , Jongmin Nam (75) , Paola Oliveri , Joel Smith (76, 77, 78) , Donna Muzny , Stephanie Bell (79, 80) , Joseph Chacko , Andrew Cree , Stacey Curry , Clay Davis (77, 81) , Huyen Dinh , Shannon Dugan-Rocha , Jerry Fowler , Rachel Gill , Cerrissa Hamilton , Judith Hernandez (82) , Sandra Hines , Jennifer Hume , Laronda Jackson , Angela Jolivet , Christie Kovar , Sandra Lee (83, 84, 85) , Lora Lewis (86, 87) , George Miner , Margaret Morgan , Lynne V Nazareth , Geoffrey Okwuonu , David Parker (19, 88) , Ling-Ling Pu , Rachel Thorn , Rita Wright (89, 90)

1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics
2 AU - Astronomy Unit [London]
3 Urban and Industrial Air Quality Group
4 CSIRO Energy Technology - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology
5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [Houston]
6 Department of Biology [Norton]
7 MI - Mathematical Institute [Oxford]
8 CATS - Centre for the Analysis of Time Series
9 Jefferson Lab - Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
10 LEMTA - Laboratoire d'Energétique et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée
11 LEGS - Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation
12 Department of Geology
13 ECE - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Portland]
14 Saint-Gobain Crystals [USA]
15 IAH - Institute for Animal Health
16 Center for Agricultural Resources Research
17 Ipsen - Ipsen Inc. [Milford]
18 Department of Physics [Berkeley]
19 ICAS - Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds]
20 CAU - Chung-Ang University
21 ACE-CRC - Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre
22 AER - Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics
23 MS - Mer et santé
24 Imperial College London
25 Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division
26 IRI - International Research Institute for Climate and Society
27 Soils Group
28 Department of Haematology
29 School of Biology and Biochemistry
30 PCU - Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation
31 IMM - Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi [Catania]
32 LAUM - Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans
33 ISL - Interactive Systems Labs
34 DICP - Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
35 ALCHEMY - Architectures, Languages and Compilers to Harness the End of Moore Years
36 CATF - Clean Air Task Force
37 Space Physics Laboratory
38 CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion
39 Department of Microbiology and Immunology
40 EMBL - European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg]
41 Department of Biostatistics
42 Radonc - Department of Radiation Oncology [Michigan]
43 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester]
44 IBISC - Informatique, Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes
45 IMK - Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research
46 Physics Department [UNB]
47 LPL - Laboratoire Parole et Langage
48 ISCR - Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
49 SIE - School of Information Engineering [USTB]
50 LASP - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder]
51 Department of Applied Mathematics [Sheffield]
52 SoMaS - School of Mathematics and Statistics [Sheffield]
53 LML - Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723
54 CSD - Computer Science Department [UCLA]
55 DE - Développement et évolution
56 LBDV - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer
57 LPA - Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain
58 Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Montréal]
59 Departamento de Botánica [Bariloche]
60 BECP - Bioénergétique Cellulaire et Pathologique
61 EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques
62 IJM (UMR_7592) - Institut Jacques Monod
63 LNS - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
64 UAB - Departament de Matemàtiques [Barcelona]
65 Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Coal Research)
66 IOCAS - CAS Institute of Oceanology
67 NCTU - National Chiao Tung University
68 HWR - Department of Hydrology and Water Resources
69 Centre for Educational Technology
70 Environment Department [York]
71 SKL-NPT - State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology
72 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City]
73 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
74 Department of Materials
75 DICORA - Digital Language & Knowledge Contents Research Association
76 Department of Physics [Coventry]
77 RAL Space - Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot]
78 IBCP - Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
79 HMNAO - H M Nautical Almanac Office [RAL]
80 United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter]
81 UCL - University College of London [London]
82 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [UCLA]
83 SEES - School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul]
84 Department of Chemistry
85 MMC - MicroMachines Centre
86 RQMP - Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe
87 Département de Physique [Montréal]
88 SEE - School of Earth and Environment [Leeds]
89 UKCEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
90 NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research

We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.

Domains: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology

Erica Sodergren, George M Weinstock, Eric H Davidson, R Andrew Cameron, Richard A Gibbs, et al.. The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.. Science, 2006, 314 (5801), pp.941-52. ⟨10.1126/science.1133609⟩. ⟨hal-00358487⟩